Monday 2 January 2012

Where to get vinegar ?

Vinegar is very popular. You can get it from everywhere, e.g. the hypermarkets, supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, vegetable markets, organic food shops and so on.
You can physically go there and buy with cash.
You can also purchase online conveniently. Below are products from Amazon:

What is vinegar ?

- Chemical
Vinegar is the third stage of life in a sugar molecule. When sugar ferments or ages, it becomes alcohol. When alcohol ferments or ages it becomes vinegar.
The common chemical name of vinegar is acetic acid because the primary components besides water for vinegar is acetic acid.
 
Vinegar is a versatile liquid that results from the fermentation of ethanol, so it is also known as ethanoic acid under the more formal IUPAC naming convention of organic molecules (though "acetic acid" is also accepted by IUPAC). It's molecular formula is: CH3COOH
 
- Ingredients
The main ingredient of vinegar is acetic acid that make it taste acidic. The concentration varies and typically ranges from 4 to 8 percent by volumne, for table vinegar is typically 5%, for pickling can up to 18%.
Natural vinegars also contain small amounts of tartaric acid, citric acid, and other acids. The typical PH of vinegar ranges from 2 to 3.5, the store-bought kind usually measures 2.4.
Vinegar also contains some vitamins and minerals from the starting material.

Vinegar Use on Pets, Animal

Get rid of the ugly deposits and water lines that form in aquariums and fish bowls by wiping them down with a clothe dipped in vinegar and following with a good rinse. For stubborn deposits, soak for several hours or overnight.



Remove cat litter odor by pouring ½ inch of vinegar in the empty litter box. Let it stand for 20 minutes, swish it around, then rinse with cold water.

Eliminate animal urine stains from carpet. Blot up urine with a soft cloth, flush several times with lukewarm water, then apply a mixture of equal parts vinegar and cool water. Blot up, rinse, and let dry.

Remove pet odors. After cleaning, cover the area with baking soda. Let it stand overnight. The next day vacuum up the baking soda and wash the area with vinegar. Rinse and let dry.

Deter ants. Spray vinegar around door and window frames, under appliances, and along other known ant trails.

Remove skunk odors by wiping down the pet’s fur with a 50-50 solution of vinegar and water, followed by a plain-water rinse. Repeat if necessary.

Give your dog and horse a gleaming coat by spraying or rubbing with a solution of 1 cup vinegar to 1 quart water. This saves the cost of an expensive shine product used on show animals.

Keep a dog from scratching its ears by wiping its ears regularly with a soft cloth dipped in undiluted vinegar.

Discourage a cat from sitting, sleeping on a certain windowsill or other surface, or from scratching upholstery, by spraying vinegar on the item because cats hate the smell of vinegar. Test first on an unnoticeable area to be sure there won’t be a discoloration.

Stop cats from fighting with each other with a spritz of a vinegar and water solution.

Keep a cat out of a garden area by placing paper, a cloth, or sponge there that has been soaked in vinegar.

Prevent cats from eating your plants by spraying the leaves with a solution of vinegar and water.

Keep away fleas and mange. Add a little vinegar to your pet's drinking water.

Keep chickens from pecking each other. Add vinegar to their drinking water.

Clean milking equipment. Rinse with vinegar to leave system clean, odorless, and bacteria free without harmful chemical residue.

Keep the birdbath clean by scrubbing it often with undiluted vinegar. Rinse well.

Keep flies away from horses or other outdoor pets by spraying a mixture of water and vinegar around the area where the animals are.

Stop a dog from barking with a spray bottle filled with equal amounts of water and vinegar. When the dog barks, spray the vinegar water in its direction but not in the face.

Vinegar Use on Personal Care

You take 1 tablespoon full and swollow when you have the hiccups. It stops them instantly.

Soothe a bee or jellyfish sting. Dot or douce the irritated area with vinegar and relieve itching.

Relieve itching by using a cotton ball to dab mosquito and other bug bites with Vinegar straight
from the bottle.

Relieve dry and itchy skin. Add 2 tablespoons to bath water.

Remove warts by applying a lotion of half cider vinegar and half glycerin. Apply daily to warts until they dissolve.

Remove corns by making a poultice of one crumbled piece of bread soaked in one-quarter cup Vinegar. Let poultice sit for one-half hour, then apply to the corn and tape in place overnight. If corn does not peel off by morning, reapply the poultice for several consecutive nights.

Prevent yeast infections. Douche with one tablespoon vinegar to one quart warm water, to adjust the pH balance in the vagina.

Take 1 cup of vinegar and warm water into a large glass and use to rinse your hair after you shampoo. Vinegar adds highlights to brunette hair, restores the acid mantel, and removes soap film and sebum oil.

Fight dandruff, by rinsing with vinegar and 2 cups of warm water, after shampooing.

Clean dentures by soaking them overnight in vinegar, then brush away tartar with a toothbrush.

Spraying feet helps prevent athletes’ foot.

Get rid of foot odor by washing feet well with antiseptic soap daily, then soaking them in undiluted cider vinegar for 10 minutes or so. Remember that cotton socks aid odor control more effectively than wool ones.

Clean a hairbrush by soaking in a vinegar solution.

Soothe sunburn with a spray of white distilled vinegar, repeating as often as you like. Ice-cold white distilled vinegar will feel even better, and may prevent blistering and peeling.

For cuts and scrapes, use white distilled vinegar as an antiseptic.

Tone facial skin with a solution of equal parts vinegar and water.

If commercial aftershaves cause rashes and itching, try using undiluted white distilled vinegar as an aftershave lotion.

Lighten body freckles (not facial freckles) by rubbing on full-strength white distilled vinegar.

Make nail polish last longer. Wipe fingernails with cotton balls dipped in white distilled vinegar before putting on nail polish.

Eliminate bad breath and whiten your teeth by brushing them once or twice a week with white distilled vinegar.

Vinegar Use on Miscellaneous

Soak new propane latern wicks in vinegar for several hours. Let dry before using. Will burn longer and brighter.

Deodorize the air. Vinegar is a natural air freshener when sprayed in a room.

Deodorize a room filled with cigarette smoke or paint fumes. Place a small bowl of vinegar in the room.

To add a pleasant scent to a room while at the same time removing an unpleasant odor, add cardamom or other fragrant spice to a bowl of distilled vinegar and place in the warmest corner of the room.

Turn a chicken bone into rubber by soaking it in a glass of vinegar for three days. It will bend like rubber.

Prevent patching plaster from drying by adding one tablespoon vinegar to the water when mixing to slow the drying time.

Soak a paint brush in hot vinegar, then wash out with warm, sudsy water to soften it up.

Vinegar Use on Laundry, Clothes

Use in laundry to cut soap.
 
Get rid of lint in clothes. Add 1/2 cup of vinegar to the rinse cycle.
 
Prevent lint from clinging to clothes: Add one cup vinegar to each wash load.
 
Keep bright colors from running. Immerse clothes in full strength vinegar for 10 minutes before washing.
 
Freshen up the washing machine. Clean the hoses and unclog soap scum. Once a month pour one cup of vinegar into the washing machine and run the machine through a normal cycle, without clothes.
 
Brighten fabric colors. Add a 1/2 cup vinegar to the rinse cycle.
 
Take grease off suede. Dip a toothbrush in vinegar and gently brush over grease spot.
 
Remove tough stains. Gently rub on fruit, jam, mustard, coffee, tea. Then wash as usual.



Remove perspiration stains from clothes by applying one part vinegar to four parts water, then rinse.
 
Deodorant and anti-perspirants stains may be removed from clothing by lightly rubbing with distilled vinegar and laundering as usual.
 
Cotton and wool blankets become soft, fluffy and free of soap odor if 2 cups of distilled vinegar are added to the rinse cycle of the wash.
 
Clothes will rinse better if a cup of vinegar is added to the last rinse water. The acid in vinegar is too mild to harm fabrics but strong enough to dissolve the alkalies in soaps and detergents.
 
When dyeing fabric, add a cup full of distilled vinegar to the last rinse to set the color.
 
Nylon hose will look better and last longer if 1 tablespoon of vinegar is added to the rinse water when washing.
 
To obtain a sharper crease in your knit fabrics, dampen them with a cloth wrung out from a solution of 1/3 distilled vinegar and 2/3 water. Place a brown paper bag over the crease and iron.
 
Excess laundry suds that develop during hand laundry may be eliminated by splashing a little vinegar into the second rinse. Follow this with another rinse in plain water.
 
Deodorize a wool sweater: Wash sweater, then rinse in equal parts vinegar and water to remove odor.
 
After a hem or seam is removed, there are often unsightly holes left in the fabric. These holes can be removed by placing a cloth, moistened with distilled vinegar, under the fabric and ironing.
 
Unclog steam iron by pouring equal amounts of vinegar and water into the iron's water chamber. Turn to steam and leave the iron on for 5 minutes in an upright position. Then unplug and allow to cool. Any loose particles should come out when you empty the water.



Clean a scorched iron plate by heating equal parts vinegar and salt in a small pan. Then rub the solution on the cooled iron surface to remove dark or burned stains.
 
Looking for brighter whites or bolder colors? The answer just might be white distilled vinegar. It’s a safe and inexpensive way to boost the power of your detergent and add a little more muscle to your stain remover. With vinegar in the mix, your clothes have never looked better.Prevent lint from clinging to clothes by adding 1/2 cup white distilled vinegar to the wash cycle.
 
To remove soap residue that makes black clothes look dull use white distilled vinegar in your final rinse.
 
Get stained white socks and dingy dishcloths white again. Add 1 cup white distilled vinegar to a large pot of water, bring it to a rolling boil and drop in the articles. Let soak overnight.
 
Some stains on clothing and linens can be soaked out using equal parts milk and white distilled vinegar.
 
Before washing a mustard stain, dab with white distilled vinegar.
 
Attack spaghetti, barbecue, or ketchup stains with a white distilled vinegar and water solution.
 
Remove perspiration odor and stains on clothing, as well as those left by deodorants, by spraying full-strength white distilled vinegar on underarm and collar areas before tossing them into the washing machine.
 
Forgot that you left wet laundry in the machine and it now smells moldy? Pour a few cups of white distilled vinegar in the machine and wash the clothes in hot water. Then run a normal cycle with detergent.
 
Remove smoky odors from clothes by filling the bathtub with very hot water and 1 cup white distilled vinegar. Hang the garments above the steaming water and shut the door so the steam can penetrate the fibers.
 
Keep the steam iron clean and in good working order by getting rid of mineral deposits in steam vents and spray nozzles. Fill the water chamber with a solution of equal parts white distilled vinegar and distilled water. Set it in an upright position and let it steam for about 5 minutes. When the iron is cool, rinse the tank with water, refill and shake water through the vents onto an old cloth. Test before using.
 
Remove scorch marks from an iron by rubbing it with a warmed-up solution of equal parts white distilled vinegar and salt. If that doesn’t work, use a cloth dampened with full-strength white distilled vinegar.
 
Remove musky smells from cotton clothes by sprinkling them lightly with white distilled vinegar and then pressing them.
 
Get water and salt stains off shoes and boots by wiping them down with a solution of equal parts white distilled vinegar and water.
 
Give patent leather shoes and bags a better shine by wiping them down with white distilled vinegar.
 
Leather articles can be cleaned with a mixture of distilled vinegar and linseed oil. Rub the mixture into the leather and then polish with a soft cloth.
 
Patent leather will shine better if wiped with a soft cloth which has been moisten with distilled vinegar.
 
Get cleaner laundry! Add about 1/4 cup white distilled vinegar to the last rinse. The acid in white distilled vinegar is too mild to harm fabrics, yet strong enough to dissolve the alkalies in soaps and detergents. Besides removing soap, white distilled vinegar prevents yellowing, acts as a fabric softener and static cling reducer, and attacks mold and mildew.
 
Eliminate manufacturing chemicals from new clothes by adding 1/2 cup white distilled vinegar to the water.
 
Remove soap scum and clean the hoses of your washing machine with white distilled vinegar. Periodically run the machine with only a cup of white distilled vinegar in it—nothing else added to the wash cycle.
 
Bring out bright colors by adding 1/2 cup white distilled vinegar to the rinse cycle.
 
Fluff up wool or acrylic sweaters (hand- or machine-washed) and rid them of soap smell with 1/2 cup white distilled vinegar in the last rinse water.
 
Get rid of the tiny holes left along the hemline when you take out the hem of any garment by moistening a cloth with white distilled vinegar, placing it under the fabric and ironing.
 
Spots on clothes caused by cola-based soft drinks can be removed from 100 percent cotton, cotton polyester and permanent press fabrics if done so with in 24 hours. To do it, sponge distilled vinegar directly onto the stain and rub away the spots. Then clean according to the directions on the manufacturer's care tag.

Vinegar Use on Kitchen

Vinegar can be used in the pickling process during food preparation. In the pickling process, vinegar is often used for dill pickles and peppers.
 
Wash fresh vegetables with a mixture of 1 tablespoon of vinegar in 1 ½ quarts of water.
 
Debug fresh vegetables by washing them in water with vinegar and salt. Bugs float off.
 
Freshen wilted vegetables by soaking them in 2 cups of water and a tablespoon of vinegar.
 
When boiling or steaming cauliflower, beets or other vegetables, add a teaspoon or two of vinegar to the water to help them keep their color. This will also improve their taste, and reduce gassy elements. This also works when cooking beans and bean dishes.
 
To keep eggs from cracking when boiling add a tablespoon or two of vinegar to water.
 
When poaching eggs, add a little vinegar to the water. The whites stay better formed.
 
Vinegar can help to dissolve mineral deposits that collect in automatic drip coffee makers. Fill the reservoir with vinegar and run it through a brewing cycle. Rinse thoroughly with water when the cycle is finished. (Be sure sure to check the owners manual for specific instructions).
 
Brass, copper and pewter will shine if cleaned with the following mixture. Dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt in 1 cup of distilled vinegar.



Put vinegar on a cloth and let sit on the back of your kitchen faucet and it removes hard water stains.
 
Clean stainless steel by wiping with a vinegar dampened cloth.
 
Deodorize the kitchen drain. Pour a cup down the drain once a week. Let stand 30 minutes and then flush with cold water.
 
Unclog a drain. Pour a handful of baking soda down the drain and add 1/2 cup of vinegar. Rinse with hot water.
 
A mixture of salt and vinegar will clean coffee and tea stains from chinaware.
 
Clean china and fine glassware by adding a cup of vinegar to a sink of warm water. Gently dip the glass or china in the solution and let dry.
 
Clean and disinfect wood cutting boards by wiping with full strength vinegar.
 
Cut grease and odor on dishes by adding a tablespoon of vinegar to hot soapy water.
 
Get stains out of pots by filling the pots with a solution of 3 tablespoons of vinegar to a pint of water. Boil until stain loosens and can be washed away.
 
Clean food-stained pots and pans by filling the pots and pans with vinegar and let stand for thirty minutes.
Then rinse in hot, soapy water.
 
Clean and deodorize the garbage disposal by making vinegar ice cubes and feed them down the disposal.
After grinding, run cold water through.
 
Clean and deodorize jars. Rinse mayonnaise, peanut butter, and mustard jars with vinegar when empty.
 
Make onion odors disappear from your hands by rubbing vinegar on your fingers before and after slicing.
 
Remove kitchen odors that come from burnt pots or when cooking certain foods by boiling a small amount of water with 1/4 cup vinegar so that the steam circulates throughout the room.
 
Clean the refrigerator by washing with a solution of equal parts water and vinegar.
 
Clean the dishwasher by running a cup of vinegar through the whole cycle once a month to reduce soap build up on the inner mechanisms and on glassware.
 
Clean the microwave by boiling a solution of 1/4 cup of vinegar and 1 cup of water in the microwave. Will loosen splatter of food and deodorize.
 
Grease buildup in an oven can be prevented by wiping with a cleaning rag that has been moistened
in vinegar and water.
 
Keep molded gelatin desserts and salads from sagging or melting in the summer heat by adding a teaspoon of vinegar for each box of gelatin used.
                                                  
Prepare fluffier rice by adding a teaspoon of vinegar to the water when it boils.
 
Freshen a lunchbox by soaking a piece of bread in vinegar and let it sit in the lunchbox over night.
 
After cleaning the bread box, keep it smelling sweet by wiping it down with a cloth moistened
in vinegar.
 
The minerals found in foods and water will often leave a dark stain on glass, porcelain or aluminum utensils.
This hard-to-clean stain can be easily removed by boiling a solution of 1 tablespoon of vinegar
per cup of water in the utensil. Utensils may also be boiled in the solution. The utensils should then be washed in hot soapy water.
 
To eliminate fruit stains from your hands, rub your hands with a little vinegar and
wipe them with a cloth.
 
Scale fish more easily by rubbing with vinegar 5 minutes before scaling.
 
Prevent soapy film on glassware by placing a cup of vinegar on the bottom rack of your dishwasher,
run for five minutes, then run though the full cycle.
 
Unsightly film in small-necked bottles and other containers can be cleaned by pouring vinegar into
the bottle and shaking. For tougher stains, add a few tablespoons of rice or sand and shake
vigorously. Rinse thoroughly and repeat until clean or determined hopeless.
 
Formica tops and counters will shine if cleaned with a cloth soaked in vinegar.
 
No-wax linoleum will shine better if wiped with a solution of 1/2 cup of white vinegar in 1/2 gallon of water.
 
Tenderize meat with vinegar. Use it in marinades or when slow cooking any tough, inexpensive cuts of meat.



For extra tenderness with boiling ribs or stew meat add a tablespoon of vinegar.
 
To add a zesty new taste to fresh fruits such as pears, cantaloupe, honeydew, or others, add a splash of rice or balsamic vinegar. Serve immediately to prevent the fruit from becoming mushy.
 
When making tuna salad add a dash of any herb-flavored vinegar.
 
Often tossed with herbs, spices, and oils, vinegar can also be sprinkled directly on vegetables and fruit for a delicious, fragrant salad.
 
Enjoying a salad with a tangy vinaigrette dressing is one of the most popular ways to use vinegar in the kitchen. But that’s just the beginning! To make basic vinaigrette salad dressing use 1 part vinegar to 4 parts oil.
 
Make pasta less sticky and reduce some of its starch. Add just a dash of vinegar to the water as it cooks.
 
Give some extra zest to your white sauce by adding 1/2 teaspoon of white distilled vinegar.
 
Try cider or malt vinegar instead of ketchup with french fries—that’s how the British like to eat them. Either one is also great on fish or any fried or broiled meat.
 
Add moistness and taste to any chocolate cake—homemade or from a box—with a spoonful of vinegar.
 
To keep frosting from sugaring add a drop of white distilled vinegar. It will also help keep white frosting white and shiny.
 
Make perfect, fluffy meringue by adding a teaspoon of white distilled vinegar for every 3 to 4 egg whites used.
 
Perk up any can of soup or sauce with a teaspoon of red or white wine vinegar.
 
Eliminate the greasy taste in food cooked in a deep fryer by adding a dash of vinegar.
 
If you’ve added too much salt to a recipe, add a spoonful of vinegar and sugar to try correcting the taste.
 
Make creamy vinaigrette by adding some plain or whipped cream to a mixture of 1 part vinegar to 3 parts oil.
 
Make wine vinegar by mixing 2 tablespoons of vinegar with 1 teaspoon of dry red wine.
   
Make buttermilk. Add a tablespoon of vinegar to a cup of milk and let it stand 5 minutes to thicken.
 
Replace a lemon by substituting 1/4 teaspoon of vinegar for 1 teaspoon of lemon juice.
 
It makes a good substitute for lemon juice in dishes and can be used to flavor an assortment of meat marinades and sauces for pork and lamb.
 
Marinating meat in vinegar kills bacteria and tenderizes the meat. Use one-quarter cup vinegar for a two to three pound roast, marinate overnight, then cook without draining or rinsing the meat. Add herbs to the vinegar when marinating as desired.
 
To make the perfect picnic potato salad dressing combine 1 cup mayonnaise, 3 tablespoons vinegar, 1 tablespoon sugar, and 1/2 teaspoon salt.
 
Olives or pimentos covered with vinegar can be kept almost indefinitely if refrigerated.